E.J. Pratt Library: Architectural Design & History
Introduction
This annotated bibliography provides an overview of primary and secondary sources documenting the architectural design of the E.J. Pratt Library.
It encompasses both published and unpublished primary materials, including the library’s opening in 1961 under the leadership of Victoria University Librarian Margaret V. Ray, as well as the revitalization of the its interior forty years later during the tenure of Chief Librarian Robert C. Brandeis.
While the bibliography is not comprehensive, it offers starting points for understanding how the library’s collections and services determined the original design of the building and subsequent renewal of its interior space.
Brief History
The E.J. Pratt Library at Victoria University, designed by Gordon S. Adamson and Associates in 1960, is a highly acclaimed modernist building. Its exterior is constructed from Credit Valley limestone.
The Piggott Construction Company built the impressive structure, with the project supervised by Barney Rickard, an experienced construction superintendent who worked for the company.
Canada Council contributed a $375,000 grant to support the construction of the library.
Officially opened on September 21, 1961, with a speech by Prime Minister John G. Diefenbaker, the library was renamed in honour of Canadian poet E.J. Pratt six years later.
By the late 1990s, the library required extensive upgrades to its electrical and mechanical systems, as well as reconfiguration to accommodate increased information technology use. Additionally, the library’s collections had outgrown the existing shelf space, and more study areas were needed.
Kohn Shnier Architects, a partnership between John Shnier and Michael Kohn, along with Shore Tilbe Irwin and Partners, were responsible for redesigning the library’s interior. The architects respectfully incorporated the modernist principles of the existing exterior design to reimagine the space.
John Shnier’s architectural design aimed to to open up the interior of the library. The abundant use of glass, skylights, and natural and artificial lighting, as well as the creation of various “vistas,” contribute to a sense of space and movement throughout the interior.
Telmet Design Associates created the wayfinding and graphic design visible throughout the building. Paul Ehnes, a renowned Canadian landscape architect, designed the Lester B. Pearson Garden for Peace and Understanding.
In 2004, the library received an Award for Excellence in Library Architecture and Planning from the Ontario Library Association.
Historic Photographs
Victoria University Archives and Library. Digital Collections: E.J. Pratt Library. Accessed 4 Feb. 2025.
The university’s archival and special collections feature an extensive online collection of digitized photographs. This includes pictures from the official opening of the library on September 21, 1961, as well as images of the library’s exterior and interior created between 1961 and 2014, and photographs of various events hosted by the library.
1961 Opening & Design
Fraser, Lorna, D. “A Library for Learning: Extracted from an Address to the Victoria Women’s Association, November 23rd, 1966.” Victoria Reports, vol. 17, no. 1, April 1967, pp. 23–29.
In this impressively researched article, Chief Librarian Lorna D. Fraser chronicles the history of the libraries at Victoria University, from the university’s founding in 1836 to the mid-1960s.
Fraser served as the Victoria University Librarian between 1965 and 1977.
Hoeniger, F. David. “The Opening of the New Library.” Victoria Reports, vol. 11, no. 2, November 1961, pp. 17–20.
The article reports on the official opening of the library on September 21, 1961, by Prime Minister Prime Minister John G. Diefenbaker and Victoria University Librarian Margaret V. Ray.
It also includes photographs depicting the festivities as well as the library's main floor and the reading room. Additionally, two views of the front façade from the north and eastern approaches can be found on page 4.
“Our New Library.” Victoria Reports, vol. 10, no. 2, December 1960, pp. 19–22.
A detailed synopsis describing the interior of the library during its construction.
It includes architect Gordon S. Adamson’s comments on the incorporating the modernist principles into its design: “Essential to the design of a good library is a feeling of repose, warmth, adequate but controlled lighting, and a feeling of free flowing space; all of these will be noticeable to anyone entering this building.”
“Victoria University Library, Toronto.” The Canadian Architect, vol. 7, no. 1, 1962, pp. 36–39.
This extensively illustrated publication comprehensively documents the intentions of Gordon S. Adamson and Associates in planning the location and design of the library.
It provides floor plans and attractive photographs of the library’s exterior and interior.
University of Waterloo: this article is available in-print in the periodical stacks of the Musagetes Architecture Library under the call number NA1 .C29.
“Victoria University Quadrangle.” The Canadian Architect, vol. 7, no. 1, 1962, pp. 33–35.
Another generously illustrated article with photographs of the library and other structures, as well as a small map of the campus, it contextualizes the place of the library within the university quadrangle.
University of Waterloo: this article is available in-print in the periodical stacks of the Musagetes Architecture Library under the call number NA1 .C29.
“Victoria Students Honor Their Prime Minister, Welcome ‘Mike,’ Too: Free World Creed Urged.” The Globe and Mail, 22 Sept. 1961, p. 13.
The article reports on the official opening of the library on September 21, 1961.
Armstrong, Christopher. Making Toronto Modern: Architecture and Design, 1895–1975. McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2014.
This book reconstructs Toronto’s architectural past to create a compelling narrative of how new ideas about modernism were debated, received, and embodied in new buildings. Through a close examination of political debates, architectural journals, and home design magazines, Christopher Armstrong describes the competing motivations and ideals that influenced the ways in which the city was built.
The book profiles major public buildings, university commissions, commercial buildings, and a range of residential architecture.
The work of Gordon S. Adamson on the design of the library is examined on pages 213–214.
2001 Renewal & Redesign
“The Architecture of Education: Victoria’s Buildings Reflect a Long and Rich History.” Vic Report vol. 40, no. 1, Autumn 2011, pp. 8–10.
Published on the occasion of the 175th anniversary of Victoria University’s founding, the articles provides a brief description of the library’s revitalization. It also contextualizes the building in relation to other spaces on campus.
Brandeis. Robert C. “E.J. Pratt—Library for the 21st Century.” University of Toronto Libraries Newsletter, Spring 2002.
The article provides essential details on the redesign of the library’s spaces, analyzing the architect’s intention to open up the interior through the use of light, color, glass, and other elements.
It includes photographs depicting the various areas of the library before and after the renovations.
Culham, James. “High-Minded Modernism.” Azure, vol. 18, no. 40, March/April 2002, pp. 70–72.
This article, accompanied by extensive photographs of the library's interior following the renovations, includes an interview with John Shnier, who served as the principal design architect.
Shnier offers detailed descriptions of the various design elements. The article is available in-print on the second floor of the library.
Curtis, Mark. “Modern Thinking Inside the Box.” Tandem, 27 Jan. 2002, p. 17.
The articles outlines the changes in the various areas of the library following its revitalization.
Hume, Christopher. “Library Re-Do Embraces Best of Modernism.” Toronto Star, 17 Nov. 2001, J2.
In this article, the renowned architectural critic provides discerning evaluation of the renewal of the library, asserting that “the library presents a vision of comfort and rationality that ennobles [students'] work without taking it into elitist realm of earlier university structures.”
Hume also situates the library's design elements within the context of the Modernist movement in Canada.
“The Lester B. Pearson Garden for Peace and Understanding.” Vic Report vol. 25, no. 2, Winter 1997/98, p. 15.
“Library of the Future.” Vic Report vol. 25, no. 2, Winter 1997/98, p. 14.
Questions?
Exterior of the New Victoria University Library, 1961.
This publicity photograph by H.R. Jowett, Willowdale was published in Victoria Reports, volume 11, number 2 (November 1961), on page 4.
Victoria University Archives contains various historical records on the design and history of the library, including photographs, original architectural plans, correspondence with the architects, and other materials.
Please contact Agatha Barc, Reader Services & Instruction Librarian, if you have questions about the sources listed in this bibliography.
Acknowledgements
Ms. Halyna Kozar (Senior Reader Services & Collections) and Dr. Robert C. Brandeis (Chief Librarian Emeritus) kindly provided extensive information about the design and history of the library.
created by: Agatha Barc | reviewed & updated: 24 February 2025